Use your graphs and the questions you answered yesterday to write a Lab Report.  Keep it short, 1 or 2 pages only and print it.

Position of Spaceship

A spaceship travels through space obeying the following equation:

x =60t + 250Cos(0.2t) – 250,  where x is position in km and t is time in seconds.

Graph the position vs. time of this spaceship for 100 seconds.  To do this, use the following steps:

1. Put “Time” in A1 and Distance in B1. then zero in A2, just like yesterday.

2. use = A2+1 in the first column and drag down to get all the integers from 0 to 100 into the A column.

3. enter =60*A2+250*cos(0.2*A2)-250  into B2 and drag the formula down (copy it exactly for it to work).  Use copy and paste!

4. Create an x-y scatter graph of the data, title it Distance vs. Time for a Spaceship, and label the axes with the correct units.  Copy the graph into a text document.

5. Answer the following questions in your text document using your graph and spreadsheet:

6. What is the position of the spaceship at 0 seconds, 20 seconds, 50 seconds, and 100 seconds?

Velocity of a Spaceship

The velocity of the spaceship is given by the following formula:

v = 60 – 250*Sin(0.2t)

1. Use the following formula: =60-250*Sin(0.2*A2)   to create a new graph of Velocity vs. Time.

2. Title this graph “Velocity vs. Time for Spaceship”

3. Copy the graph to your text document and answer the following questions in the text document:

4. What is the velocity of the ship at 0, 20, 50, and 100 seconds?

Acceleration of Spaceship

The acceleration of the spaceship is given by the formula: a = 250Cos(0.2t).

1. Use the formula =250*Cos(0.2*A2)

2. create a graph of  acceleration and title it “Acceleration vs. Time for a Spaceship”

3. Find the acceleration at t = 0, 20,50, and 100 seconds.

Answer the following questions in your text document:

Find the position, velocity, and acceleration of the spaceship at 200 seconds.

Save your document, we are going to do more with this tomorrow.

2. Put Zero into A2

3. Put =A2+1 into A3

4. Click in A3 and Drag the little black square down to A22, or further if you want.  It should fill in all the numbers.

5. Put  =A2*10  into square B2

6. Drag the black square down to B22 or further.

7. Make an XY scatter graph.

Select 4. Chart Elements and Title it “Graph of Y = 10X,” label the X and Y axes, and unclick Display legend because you don’t need one.

8. Copy the graph to a text document by clicking on it.  When you see the anchor in the corner, you have selected the whole graph.  Select Edit >Copy then paste it into your text document.  Be sure the Titles come with it.

9. Make a graph of Y = X^2 by putting =A2^2    into square B2 and dragging down the black square.

10. Make a graph of  Y = Sin(X) by putting = Sin(A2) into B2  Make the xy graph have smooth lines to see the shape.

Put all three graphs on one page, put your name on the page,  and print it out.

1. Go here and watch this video explaining entropy: Video about Entropy

2. Go to this website and read about entropy and time’s arrow.  Answer the following questions in your notes (page 8):

1. What’s higher entropy, all the molecules bunched into a corner or all the molecules spread out?
2. What’s higher entropy, nicely stacked bricks or a pile of bricks?
3. Entropy increases is a statement of what law?
4. Explain how throwing a seven in dice is higher entropy compared to throwing a 2.
5. Which is more disorderly, a glass of ice or a glass of water?

Comic (page 9)

Each square must have an image representing the idea and text explaining the idea.

Title Square: Entropy.

Square 2: Entropy = Disorder.  The universe tends toward higher entropy.

Square 3: Low Entropy

Square 4: High Entropy

Square 5: Second Law of Thermodynamics

Square 6,7,8 Examples of entropy increasing.

Square 9: Example of entropy decreasing.

Write these three things in your notes:

1. Temperature is caused by the random kinetic energy of molecules.

2. Two objects at different temperatures, placed next to each other, will transfer heat from the hotter object to the cooler object until they reach an equilibrium temperature somewhere in between the two original temperatures.

2. Heat flow obeys Conservation of Energy.  Energy put into a system either makes it hotter, expands it so it does work, or leaves the system.

To review these three things, do the following:

Run this simulation and answer the following questions.

1. Can you tell which side is hotter just by looking at the molecules?  What is the difference?

2. Create a chart in your notes with two columns for the temperature of each side.  Write down the temperature of each side every ten seconds until equilibrium has been reached. (remember to open the center)

3. Graph your results with OpenOffice:

1. Create a spreadsheet in OpenOffice like this (don’t use these numbers, use the ones you measure):
2. select the numbers by dragging your mouse over all of them.
3. click the chart button: 
4. Select Line, connect the dots, and smooth the line.

Click the graph and press the print button to print it.  Cut it out and paste it in your notes with a gluestick.

First Law of Thermodynamics (conservation of energy)

Read this page and answer the following questions in your notes.

1. If a 100 Joules of energy is put into a light and there is only 70 Joules of light that comes out of the light, what happens to the rest of the energy?

2. If 100 J of energy is put into a light and the light puts out 90 J of light energy, how much energy is released as heat?

3. If 100 J of energy is put into a light and 25 J of energy comes out as heat, how much energy comes out as light?

4. If  If a light produced 250 J of light energy and 100 J of heat energy, how much energy does the light use?

Heat Engines

Engines work just like a light except they do work instead of put out light. Read this page on Heat Engines and answer the following questions.

1. If an engine has 500 J of heat added to it and it does 300 J of work, how much energy is released as exhaust?

2. An engine has an input of heat energy of 1000 J and 300 J is released as exhaust.  How much work does the engine do?

3. A steam engine has a high temperature reservoir at 800 K and a low temperature reervoir at 300 K.  When the engine is running, it extracts 400 J of energy from the hot reservoir and does 250 J of work.  How much energy is expelled to the low temperature reservoir?

4. If  a sealed container has 10,000J of energy added to it and no energy can leave the container, how much is the energy of the container increased?

2. phyformula.

2. Answer the questions in your notes and show all work, including equations used.  If there is no math involved, summarize the question and answer.

1) C –The voltage splits across series resistors.  It splits in half across two identical resistors and splits in 3 across 3 identical resistors.

Use the circuit construction kit to create the circuit shown and check for yourself. Draw the circuit and label the measurements for the voltage across each resistor.

2) D — The voltage is the same across parallel resistors.  The battery is connected directly to each lamp.

Create this circuit with  circuit construction kit and test the voltage across each lamp.  Draw your circuit and write your measurements.

3) C –Most of the current moves down the path of least resistance.  The top path has twice the resistance of the bottom path.

Create this circuit with  circuit construction kit and test it by using the Non-contact ammeter.  What is the current you measure for each part of the circuit?

4) D — If A burns out, that path for the electricity to flow down is no longer possible.  In series circuits, if one thing blows out, everything goes dark.

To test this, delete light A in your circuit and see what happens to the flow of electrons.  What happens to the flow of elections in this circuit?

5) C — Lamps A and B will still have the same voltage across them so they will also have the same current.  So no change for parallel lamps if one burns out.

Test this and see if the brightness of the bulbs change.

6. A –No matter what is placed in that circuit, a motor, a capacitor, or a finger, it will have 9 volts across it because that is what the battery supplies.  Don’t be fooled by tricky questions.

Use the Capacitor Lab here to test this.  Turn up the battery voltage and place the voltmeter across the capacitor plates to check.

7) C –Charges create electric fields.  Each charge creates an electric field.

8 ) D — Stationary charges create electric fields, not magnetic fields.  If these charges were moving, then they would be a current, and currents create magnetic fields.

9) A — Other charges are the only thing that can create a force on a charge.

10) C –The positive plate attracts it and the negative plate repels it.

11) B — A magnet creates a magnetic field.

12) A –Use the Right Hand Rule with your thumb in the direction that positive current will travel.  Your fingers will be pointing out of the paper at Q.  This is a trick question because the right hand rule works for “Conventional Current” which is the direction positive charges flow.  For electrons and negative charges, use your left hand.\

Here is an explanation of this.  Press conventional current and see the direction the current takes, then watch electron flow and see which way the electrons actually flow.  Sorry about this, it’s not my fault.

13) C –Same issue, this is showing the direction electrons are moving, so use your left hand or use your right hand in the direction positives flow.  Here is an explanation from my book.

2. STAR Test wave practice (Page 3)

The handout is linked here for absent people.

1. Watch the red dot.  It represents a gas molecule.  Describe its motion.

2. Does the red molecule always travel at the same speed?  Describe the motion.

3. Draw a quick picture in your notes showing the simulation and trace out the path of a typical gas molecule.

Next, increase the temperature by clicking the up arrow a bunch of times.

4. Describe the motion of the red molecule compared to before.

Next, decrease the temperature by clicking the down arrow a bunch of times.

6. Describe the motion of the red molecule now.

7. Can you make all the molecules stop completely?

8. When all movement stops completely, that is called absolute zero temperature.  Do you think absolute zero is possible?

Temperature Equilibrium

When atoms are moving, the average kinetic energy of the atoms is called Temperature.  The following applet shows how temperature is transfered from one gas to another.

Click here, Run each of the experiments.  Draw a picture of each experiment and answer the questions for each experiment.  Answer in the form of a statement that includes the question.